THE CENTER FOR NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOLOGY

Amphibia    Anura    Bufonidae  

Mesoamerican Cane Toad
Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833)

Current SSAR Comments:
Newly listed species. Recently shown to be a distinct species from R. marina by Acevedo et al. (2016, Zootaxa, 4103: 574–586) and occurs naturally in southern Texas. Their results render R. marina as extralimital with regard to the scope of this list. However, the introduced cane toads in Hawai'i, Puerto Rico, and Florida (except Polk County [Abercrombie et al. (2022, Herpetological Review 53: 74–77)]) likely represent R. marina.

Range maps are based on curated specimens and provided gratis by CNAH.
(Created by Travis W. Taggart; Version: 2024.03.24.12.23.20)
Download GeoJSON polygon range file: - 1.34 MB

First instance(s) of published English names:
Marine Toad (Bufo marinus: Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 280pp.);

Taxon Links:

  
Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles
  
Amphibian Species of the World
  
NatureServe
  
iNaturalist
  
GenBank
  
USGS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database

Pertinent LIterature:
1833 Wiegmann, Arend Friedrich August. Herpetologischen Beyträge. I. Ueber die mexicanischen Kröten nebst bemerkungen über ihren verwandte Arten anderer Weltgegenden. [Herpetological contributions. I. About the Mexican toads and remarks about their related species from other parts of the world.] Isis von Oken 26():651–662
1959 Riemer, William J. Giant toads of Florida. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 21(3):207-211
1966 King, F. Wayne and Thomas Krakauer. The exotic herpetofauna of southeast Florida. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 29(2):144–154
1977 Smith, Hobart M., Thomas Schneider and Rozella B. Smith. An overlooked synonym of the Giant Toad Bufo marinus (Linnaeus)(Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Journal of Herpetology 11(4):423-425
1977 Smith, Hobart M. and Anthony J. Kohler. A survey of herpetological introductions in the United States and Canada. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 80(1/2):241-
1981 Easteal, Simon. The history of introductions of Bufo marinus (Amphibia: Anura); a natural experiment in evolution. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 16(2):93–113
1986 Easteal, Simon. Bufo marinus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (395):1-4
1988 Easteal, Simon. Range expansion and its genetic consequences in populations of the Giant Toad, Bufo marinus. Evolutionary Biology 23():49–84
1998 Slade, R. W. and Craig Moritz. Phylogeography of Bufo marinus from its natural and introduced ranges. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 265(1398):769-777
2005 Lannoo, Michael (Editor) Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University fo California Press, Berkeley. 1115pp.
2010 Vallinoto, Marcelo, Fernando Sequeira, Davidson Sodré, José A. R. Bernardi, Iracilda Sampaio, Horacio Schneider. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Rhinella marina species complex (Amphibia, Bufonidae) revisited: Implications for Neotropical diversification hypotheses. Zoologica Scripta 39(2):128-140
2013 Dodd, C. Kenneth. Frogs of the United States and Canada. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 982pp.
2016 Acevedo, Aldemar A., Margarita Lampo, and Roberto Cipriani. The Cane or Marine Toad, Rhinella marina (Anura, Bufonidae): Two genetically and morphologically distinct species. Zootaxa 4103(6):574–586
2020 Bessa-Silvaa, Adam, Marcelo Vallinoto,⁎, Iracilda Sampaio, Oscar A. Flores-Villela, Eric N. Smith, Fernando Sequeira. The roles of vicariance and dispersal in the differentiation of two species of the Rhinella marina species complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 145(April 2020):1-12
2021 Pereyra, Martín O., Boris L. Blotto, Diego Baldo, Juan C. Chaparro, Santiago R. Ron, Agustín J. Elias-Costa, Patricia P. Iglesias, Pablo J. Venegas, Maria Tereza C. Thomé, Jhon Jairo Ospina-Sarria, Natan M. Maciel, Marco Rada, Francisco Kolenc, Claudio Borteiro, Mauricio Rivera-Correa, Fernando J.M. Rojas-Runjaic, Jiří Moravec, Ignacio De La Riva, Ward C. Wheeler, Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher, Taran Grant, Célio F.B. Haddad, Julián Faivovich Evolution in the genus Rhinella: A total evidence phylogenetic analysis of Neotropical True Toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (447):1–156
2021 Rivera, Danielle, Ivan Prates, Thomas J. Firneno Jr., Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues, Janalee P. Caldwell, Matthew K. Fujita Phylogenomics, introgression, and demographic history of South American true toads (Rhinella). Molecular Ecology 2022(31):978–992.
2022 Mittan-Moreau, Cinnamon S., Crystal Kelehear, Luís Felipe Toledo, Jamie Bacon, Juan M. Guayasamin, Andrew Snyder, and Kelly R. Zamudio. Cryptic lineages and standing genetic variation across independent cane toad introductions. Molecular Ecology 31(24):6440–6456
2022 Abercrombie, Hope E., Michelle Ferrera, Paul Schultz, Stephanie Watkins, Eric Eversole, Daniel B. Estabrooks, and Natalie Ferrera. Geographic distribution: Rhinella horribilis. Herpetological Review 53(1):74–75
2023 Dodd, C. Kenneth. Frogs of the United States and Canada. Second Edition. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 1032pp.

THE CENTER FOR NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOLOGY — Accessed: Thursday 30 January 2025 02:23 CT