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Reptilia    Squamata (part)    Phrynosomatidae  

Texas Horned Lizard
Phrynosoma cornutum (Harlan, 1825)

Current SSAR Comments:
Williams et al. (2019, PeerJ 7(e7746): 28) and Finger et al. (2022, Genome Biology and Evolution 14: evab260) found evidence from mtDNA, microsatellites, and genotyping-by-sequencing data for three primary and largely allopatric populations of Texas Horned Lizards in the Chihuahuan Desert, the Great Plains, and the southern Coastal Plain of the United States. Although they did not recognize these populations taxonomically, their demographic analyses indicate that the three populations are incompletely separated lineages. The earliest divergence is between the western (Chihuahuan Desert) and the two eastern populations. It corresponds to the divergence between the two primary mtDNA clades found by those authors and by Köhler (2021, Taxonomy 1: 83–115), who recognized them as subspecies.

Range maps are based on curated specimens and provided gratis by CNAH.
(Created by Travis W. Taggart; Version: 2024.03.13.08.37.23)
Download GeoJSON polygon range file: - 1.82 MB

First instance(s) of published English names:
Orbicular Lizard (Phrynosoma cornuta: Gray, John E. 1830. A synopsis of the species of the class reptilia. Pages 1-110 in The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization by the Baron Cuvier, member of teh Institute of France, with Additional Descriptions of all the Species Hitherto Named, and of many not before noticed. Ninth Volume. Whittaker, Treacher, and Company, London, England. pp.); Horned Toad Lizard (Phrynosoma cornuta: Gray, John E. 1830. A synopsis of the species of the class reptilia. Pages 1-110 in The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization by the Baron Cuvier, member of teh Institute of France, with Additional Descriptions of all the Species Hitherto Named, and of many not before noticed. Ninth Volume. Whittaker, Treacher, and Company, London, England. pp.); Orbicular Lizard (Agama cornuta: Griffith, Edward and Edward Pidgeon. 1831. The class reptilia arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with specific descriptions. Part 2. Whittaker, Treacher, and Company, London. 1-481pp.); Texian Tapayaxin (Phrynosoma cornutum: Royal College of Surgeons of England. 1859. Descriptive catalogue of the specimens of natural history in spirit contained in the Museum of the Royal college of surgeons of England. Vertebrata: Pisces, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia. Taylor and Francis, London, England. pp.); Four-horned Frog (Phrynosoma cornutum: Royal College of Surgeons of England. 1859. Descriptive catalogue of the specimens of natural history in spirit contained in the Museum of the Royal college of surgeons of England. Vertebrata: Pisces, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia. Taylor and Francis, London, England. pp.); Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum: Yarrow, Henry C. 1876. List of Skeletons and Crania in the Section of Comparative Anatomy of the United States Army Medical Museum for use during the International Exhibition of 1876 in Connection with the Representation of the Medical Department U.S. Army. Army Medical Museum, Washington, D. C. pp.); Spiny-breasted Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum: Yarrow, Henry C. 1882. Check list of North American Reptilia and Batrachia with catalogue of specimens in U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum (24):1-249); Horned Toad (Phrynosoma cornutum: Rhoads, Samuel N. 1895. Contributions to the zoology of Tennessee. No. 1, Reptiles and amphibians. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 47():376-407); Common Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornuta: Brown, Arthur, E. 1902. Report of the Board of Directors. Pages 5-22 in Thirtieth Annual Report of the Board of Directors of the Zoological Society of Philadelphia. Allen, Lane, and Scott, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. pp.); Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum: Strecker, John K. 1922. An annotated catalogue of the amphibians and reptiles of Bexar County, Texas. Bulletin Scientific Society of San Antonio (4):1-31); Horntoad (Phrynosoma cornutum: Strecker, John K. 1922. An annotated catalogue of the amphibians and reptiles of Bexar County, Texas. Bulletin Scientific Society of San Antonio (4):1-31); Texas Horned Toad (Phrynosoma cornutum: Van Denburgh, John. 1922. The Reptiles of Western North America: An Account of the Species Known to Inhabit California and Oregon, Washinton, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, British Columbia, Sonora, and Lower California. Volume I. Lizards. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 556pp.); Common Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum: Brennan, Lawrence A. 1934. A check list of the amphibians and reptiles of Ellis County, Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 37():189-191); Horned Toad (Phrynosoma cornutum: Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 280pp.); Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum: Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 280pp.); Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum: Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 280pp.);

Taxon Links:

  
Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles
  
The Reptile Database
  
NatureServe
  
iNaturalist
  
GenBank
  
USGS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database

Pertinent LIterature:
1825 Harlan, Richard. Description of a new species of Agama. Journal of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 4():296-304
2019 Williams, Dean A., Nathan D. Rains, and Amanda M. Hale. Population genetic structure of Texas Horned Lizards: Implications for reintroduction and captive breeding. PeerJ 7(e7746):28
2021 Kohler, Gunther. Taxonomy of Horned Lizards, genus Phrynosoma (Squamata, Phrynosomatidae). Taxonomy 2021(1):83–115
2022 Finger, Nicholas, Keaka Farleigh, Jason T. Bracken, Adam D. Leache, Olivier Francois, Ziheng Yang, Tomas Flouri, Tristan Charran, Tereza Jezkova, Dean A. Williams, and Christopher Blair. Genome-scale data reveal deep lineage divergence and a complex demographic history in the Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) throughout the southwestern and central United States Genome Biology and Evolution 14(1):24

THE CENTER FOR NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOLOGY — Accessed: Thursday 30 January 2025 02:11 CT