THE CENTER FOR NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOLOGY


Amphibia    Anura    Bufonidae  

Sonoran Green Toad
Anaxyrus retiformis (Sanders and Smith, 1951)

Current SSAR Comments:
There are no current SSAR comments for this taxon.

Range maps are based on curated specimens and provided gratis by CNAH.
(Created by Travis W. Taggart; Version: 2024.09.05.08.21.40)
Download GeoJSON polygon range file: - 0.27 MB

Province/State Distribution:
USA: Arizona

First instance(s) of published English names:
Pima Green Toad (Bufo debilis reitformis: Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 280pp.); Sonoran Green Toad (: Stebbins, Robert C. 1966. Peterson Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. 1st ed. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. pp.); Sonoran Green Toad (Anaxyrus retiformis: Frost, Darrel R., Roy W. McDiarmid, Joseph R. Mendelson III, and David M. Green. 2012. Anura - Frogs. Pages 11-22 in Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Herpetological Circular No. 39. pp.);

Taxon Links:

  
Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles
  
Amphibian Species of the World
  
NatureServe
  
iNaturalist
  
GenBank
  
USGS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database

Selected References:
1951 Sanders, Ottys and Hobart M. Smith. Geographic variation in toads of the debilis group of Bufo. Field and Laboratory 19(4):141-160
1954 Savage, Jay M. A revision of the toads of the Bufo debilis complex. Texas Journal of Science 6(1):83-112
1962 Tihen, Joseph A. A review of new world fossil bufonids. American Midland Naturalist 68(1):1-50
1965 Ferguson, J. Homer. Evolutionary relationships of the toads of the Bufo punctatus group. Dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.. 96pp.
1968 Cole, Charles J., Charles H. Lowe, and John W. Wright. Karyotypes of eight species of toads (genus Bufo) in North America. Copeia 1968(1):96-100
1969 Ferguson, J. Homer and Charles H. Lowe. Evolutionary relationships in the Bufo punctatus group. American Midland Naturalist 81(2):435-466
1970 Zweifel, Richard G. Descriptive notes on larvae of toads of the debilis group, genus Bufo. American Museum Novitates (2407):1-13
1978 Hulse, Arthur C. Bufo retiformis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (207):1-2
1996 Sullivan, Brian K., Robert W. Bowker, Keith B. Halmos, and Erik W. A. Gergus. Arizona distribution of three Sonoran Desert anurans: Bufo retiformis, Gastrophryne olivacea, and Pternohyla fodiens. Great Basin Naturalist 56(1):38-47
2000 Sullivan, Brian K., Keith B. Malmos, Erik W. A. Gergus, and Robert W. Bowker. Evolutionary implications of advertisement call variation in Bufo debilis, B. punctatus, and B. retiformis. Journal of Herpetology 34(3):368-374
2004 Pauly, Gregory B., David M. Hillis, and David C. Cannatella. The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58():2517-2535
2005 Lannoo, Michael (Editor) Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University fo California Press, Berkeley. 1115pp.
2008 Pauly, Gregory B. Phylogenetic systematics, historical biogeography, and the evolution of vocalizations in Nearctic toads (Bufo). Dissertation. University of Texas, Austin. 165pp.
2013 Dodd, C. Kenneth. Frogs of the United States and Canada. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 982pp.
2016 Peralta-Garcia, Anny, Dean H. Leavitt, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, and Tod W. Reeder. The phylogenetic position of the Little Mexican Toad, Anaxyrus kelloggi, using molecular data. Journal of Herpetology 50(3):471-475
2017 Bezy, Robert L., Philip C. Rosen, Thomas R. Van Devender, and Erik F. Enderson. Southern distributional limits of the Sonoran Desert herpetofauna along the mainland coast of northwestern Mexico Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(1):138-167
2023 Dodd, C. Kenneth. Frogs of the United States and Canada. Second Edition. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 1032pp.

THE CENTER FOR NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOLOGY — Accessed: Monday 24 March 2025 21:17 CT