THE CENTER FOR NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOLOGY

Amphibia    Anura    Bufonidae  

Red-spotted Toad
Anaxyrus punctatus (Baird and Girard, 1852)

Current SSAR Comments:
There are no current SSAR comments for this taxon.

Range maps are based on curated specimens and provided gratis by CNAH.
(Created by Travis W. Taggart; Version: 2024.08.29.08.18.28)
Download GeoJSON polygon range file: - 1.94 MB

Province/State Distribution:
USA: Arizona California Colorado Kansas Nevada New Mexico Oklahoma Texas Utah

First instance(s) of published English names:
Belding's Toad (Bufo beldingi: Yarrow, Henry C. 1882. Check list of North American Reptilia and Batrachia with catalogue of specimens in U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum (24):1-249); Spotted Toad (Bufo punctatus: Yarrow, Henry C. 1882. Check list of North American Reptilia and Batrachia with catalogue of specimens in U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum (24):1-249); Red-spotted Toad (: Slevin, Joseph R. 1928. The amphibians of western North America. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 16():1-152); Canyon Toad (Bufo punctatus: Wright, Anna Allen, and Alex Hazen Wright. 1933. Handbook of frogs and toads. The frogs and toads of the United States and Canada Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, NY. xi+231pp.); Belding's Toad (Bufo punctatus: Wright, Anna Allen, and Alex Hazen Wright. 1933. Handbook of frogs and toads. The frogs and toads of the United States and Canada Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, NY. xi+231pp.); Red-spotted Toad (Bufo punctatus: Wright, Anna Allen, and Alex Hazen Wright. 1933. Handbook of frogs and toads. The frogs and toads of the United States and Canada Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, NY. xi+231pp.); Desert Toad (: Stebbins, Robert C. 1951. Amphibians of western North America University of California Press, Berkeley. pp.); Baird's Spotted Toad (: Frank, N. and E. Ramus. 1995. Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of the World. N. G. Publishing Inc., Pottsville, Pennsylvania. pp.); Red-spotted Toad (Anaxyrus punctatus: Frost, Darrel R., Roy W. McDiarmid, Joseph R. Mendelson III, and David M. Green. 2012. Anura - Frogs. Pages 11-22 in Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Herpetological Circular No. 39. pp.);

Taxon Links:

  
Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles
  
Amphibian Species of the World
  
NatureServe
  
iNaturalist
  
GenBank
  
USGS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database

Selected References:
1852 Baird, Spencer F. and Charles Girard. Characteristics of some new reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Third part. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 6():173
1931 Hill, J. Eric. An addition to the herpetological fauna of Kansas. Science 74(1926):547-548
1936 Hibbard, Claude W. and A. Byron Leonard. The occurrence of Bufo punctatus in Kansas . Copeia 1936(2):114
1962 Tihen, Joseph A. A review of new world fossil bufonids. American Midland Naturalist 68(1):1-50
1965 Ferguson, J. Homer. Evolutionary relationships of the toads of the Bufo punctatus group. Dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.. 96pp.
1968 Cole, Charles J., Charles H. Lowe, and John W. Wright. Karyotypes of eight species of toads (genus Bufo) in North America. Copeia 1968(1):96-100
1969 Ferguson, J. Homer and Charles H. Lowe. Evolutionary relationships in the Bufo punctatus group. American Midland Naturalist 81(2):435-466
1979 Feder, Juliana H. Natural hybridization and genetic divergence between the toads Bufo boreas and Bufo punctatus. Evolution 33(4):1089-1097
1980 Miller, Larry L. Observations of the Red-spotted Toad in Barber County, Kansas. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (38):7-9
1983 Miller, Larry L. The status of the Red-spotted Toad in Barber County, Kansas. Kansas Fish and Game Commission, Pratt. 15pp.
1984 Sullivan, Brian K. Advertisement call variation and observations on breeding behavior of Bufo debilis and B. punctatus. Journal of Herpetology 18(4):406-411
1990 Sullivan, Brian K. Natural hybrid between the Great Plains Toad (Bufo cognatus) and the Red-spotted Toad (Bufo punctatus) from central Arizona. Great Basin Naturalist 50(4):371-372
1999 Korky, John K. Bufo punctatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (689):1-5
2000 Sullivan, Brian K., Keith B. Malmos, Erik W. A. Gergus, and Robert W. Bowker. Evolutionary implications of advertisement call variation in Bufo debilis, B. punctatus, and B. retiformis. Journal of Herpetology 34(3):368-374
2004 Pauly, Gregory B., David M. Hillis, and David C. Cannatella. The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58():2517-2535
2005 Lannoo, Michael (Editor) Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University fo California Press, Berkeley. 1115pp.
2005 Jaeger, Jef R., Brett R. Riddle, and David F. Bradford. Cryptic neogene vicariance and Quaternary dispersal of the Red-spotted Toad (Bufo punctatus): Insights on the evolution of North American warm desert biotas. Molecular Ecology 14():3033-3048
2005 Enderson, Erik F. and Robert L. Bezy. Amphibians of the Vekol Valley. Sonoran Herpetologist 18(7):74-79
2008 Pauly, Gregory B. Phylogenetic systematics, historical biogeography, and the evolution of vocalizations in Nearctic toads (Bufo). Dissertation. University of Texas, Austin. 165pp.
2013 Dodd, C. Kenneth. Frogs of the United States and Canada. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 982pp.
2016 Peralta-Garcia, Anny, Dean H. Leavitt, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, and Tod W. Reeder. The phylogenetic position of the Little Mexican Toad, Anaxyrus kelloggi, using molecular data. Journal of Herpetology 50(3):471-475
2017 Bezy, Robert L., Philip C. Rosen, Thomas R. Van Devender, and Erik F. Enderson. Southern distributional limits of the Sonoran Desert herpetofauna along the mainland coast of northwestern Mexico Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(1):138-167
2023 Dodd, C. Kenneth. Frogs of the United States and Canada. Second Edition. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 1032pp.

THE CENTER FOR NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOLOGY — Accessed: Monday 24 March 2025 21:21 CT