THE CENTER FOR NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOLOGY

Amphibia    Anura    Bufonidae  

Arizona Toad
Anaxyrus microscaphus (Cope, 1866)

Current SSAR Comments:
Hybridizes extensively with A. woodhousii in portions of its range (e.g., Wooten et al., 2019, Journal of Herpetology, 53: 104–114.

Range maps are based on curated specimens and provided gratis by CNAH.
(Created by Travis W. Taggart; Version: 2024.01.27.10.39.29)
Download GeoJSON polygon range file: - 0.21 MB

First instance(s) of published English names:
Western Toad (Bufo microscaphus: Yarrow, Henry C. 1876. List of Skeletons and Crania in the Section of Comparative Anatomy of the United States Army Medical Museum for use during the International Exhibition of 1876 in Connection with the Representation of the Medical Department U.S. Army. Army Medical Museum, Washington, D. C. pp.); Small Spaded Toad (Bufo microscaphus: Yarrow, Henry C. 1882. Check list of North American Reptilia and Batrachia with catalogue of specimens in U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum (24):1-249); Cope Toad (: Stebbins, Robert C. 1951. Amphibians of western North America University of California Press, Berkeley. pp.); Southwestern Toad (Bufo microscaphus: Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 280pp.); Arizona Toad (Bufo microscaphus microscaphus: Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 280pp.); Fort Mojave Toad (Bufo microscaphus microscaphus: Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 280pp.); Arizona Toad (Anaxyrus microscaphus: Frost, Darrel R., Roy W. McDiarmid, Joseph R. Mendelson III, and David M. Green. 2012. Anura - Frogs. Pages 11-22 in Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Herpetological Circular No. 39. pp.);

Taxon Links:

  
Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles
  
Amphibian Species of the World
  
NatureServe
  
iNaturalist
  
GenBank
  
USGS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database

Pertinent LIterature:
1886 Cope, Edward D. Synonymic list of the North American species of Bufo and Rana, with descriptions of some new species of Batrachia, from specimens in the National Museum. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 23(124):514-526
1988 Price, A. H., and B. K. Sullivan. Bufo microscaphus Cope. Southwestern Toad. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (415):1–3
1998 Gergus, Erik W. A. Systematics of the Bufo microscaphus complex: Allozyme evidence. Herpetologica 54(3):317-325
2005 Lannoo, Michael (Editor) Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University fo California Press, Berkeley. 1115pp.
2013 Dodd, C. Kenneth. Frogs of the United States and Canada. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 982pp.
2019 Wooten, Jessica A., Brian K. Sullivan, Matthew R. Klooster, Terry D. Schwaner, Keith O. Sullivan, Alyssa D. Brown, Mizuki Takahashi, and Paul R. Bradford. Thirty years of hybridization between toads along the Agua Fria River in Arizona: Part II: Fine-scale assessment of genetic changes over time using microsatellites. Journal of Herpetology 53(2):104-114
2023 Dodd, C. Kenneth. Frogs of the United States and Canada. Second Edition. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 1032pp.

THE CENTER FOR NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOLOGY — Accessed: Thursday 30 January 2025 02:05 CT