HARMLESS. The DeKay's Brownsnake is characterized by keeled scales, a divided anal scale, seven scales on each upper lip, and two rows of small, dark gray, brown, or black spots on either side of a wide, indistinct gray stripe running down the back. The sides are brownish or gray. There is a black spot on each side of the neck and one below each eye. The belly is whitish. Adult males have longer tails than females. Females grow larger than males.
Adults normally grow 23.0-33.0 cm (9-13 inches) in total length. The largest specimen from Kansas is a female (KU 154516) from Douglas County with a total length of 40.5 cm (16 inches), collected by Joseph T. Collins on 6 March 1974. The maximum length throughout the range is 52.4 cm (205⁄8 inches) (Powell et al., 2016). The maximum weight for a Kansas specimen is 12.1 grams (slightly under ½ ounce).
Known from all but the north-westernmost quarter of the state. It is largely confined to riparian zones west of the Flint Hills.
This snake generally lives near moist situations in woodland and along woodland edges. It is active from March to November but may be found crawling on the ground or beneath rocks from December to February if temperatures are warm enough. This species is active during the day in spring and fall, but becomes nocturnal during the hot summer months. It is frequently found near bodies of water. In winter, the Dekay's Brownsnake retreats beneath the ground and remains inactive.
John Wortman (pers. comm., 1974; Collins, 1993) found four Dekay's Brownsnakes together in a winter retreat approximately 30.5 cm (12 inches) below ground on 24 November in Shawnee County.
Mating in this species occurs in both spring and fall. Courtship is unknown in Kansas. Each female gives birth to young from late July to September, and the number per litter ranges from 3 to 31 (Fitch, 1985), with an average of 12. Collins (1982) reported a female from Douglas County giving birth to thirteen young on 15 August. Species of Storeria are viviparous and placentate, exhibiting both chorioallantoic and yolk-sac placental regions. Development is predominantly yolk-supported; however, maternal provisioning of water, sodium, and minerals is functionally significant.
The Dekay's Brownsnake prefers a diet of earthworms (Fitch, 1982).
Predators of this small snake include birds, mammals, and snakes (Collins, 1993). When disturbed, the Dekay's Brownsnake emits a smelly musk from its cloaca.
First reported from Kansas by Cragin (1880) based on a specimen secured by University of Kansas entomologist Francis Snow in Lawrence (Douglas County). The earliest existing specimen (KU 1740) was collected in Douglas County in June of 1904.
Cochran (1961) lists two specimens (USNM 94153-4) as paratypes of Storeria dekayi texana (collected '4 miles north of Lake City, Barber County, Kansas' by C. E. Burt on 31 March 1934.
Burt (1935) reported on specimens secured by Cornelius Rogers at the base of an old hollow tree stump 4 miles north of Lake City, Barber County, on 1 April 1934, and underneath a rotted log just above the Arkansas River 2 miles northeast of Oxford, Sumner County, on 14 October 1934.
Based on a captive specimen, Snider and Bowler (1992) reported a maximum longevity of 7 years and 13 days for this snake.
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Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Homestead National Monument of
America, and Pipestone National Monument within the Heartland Inventory
and Monitoring Network. Interim Report. National Park Service, Washington, D.C.. 6 pp.
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Ellis, Mark R. 2002. Fall 2002 KHS field trip to Washington County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (2):4-5.
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and Monitoring Network. National Park Service, Washington, D.C.. 59 pp.
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Fitch, Henry S. 2003. Reproduction in snakes of the Fitch Natural History Reservation in northeastern Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (6):21-24.
Taggart, Travis W. 2003. Results of the 2003 KHS spring field trip to Wilson County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (6):2-5.
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Miller, Larry L. 2004. Sumner County herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (11):11-12.
Ellis, Mark R. and Kathy Ellis. 2004. Wakarusa herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (11):12.
Schmidt, Curtis J. 2004. Geographic distribution: Storeria dekayi. Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (11):14.
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Murrow, Daniel G. 2009. KHS 2009 spring field trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (29):42769.
Pisani, George R. 2009. Virginia valeriae and Storeria dekayi in a northeast Kansas grassland community: Ecology and conservation implications. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (32):20-34.
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Murrow, Daniel G. 2010. Kansas Herpetological Society spring field trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (33):2-3.
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Gray, Brian S. 2010. Distribution of native and exotic earthworms in the eastern United States: Implications for the ecology of vermivorous snakes. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 45(5):73-86.
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Taggart, Travis W. 2011. Kansas Herpetological Society 2011 spring field trip to be held in Chautauqua County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (37):5-7.
Taggart, Travis W. 2011. Results of the KHS Spring Field Trip to Chautauqua County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (38):2-4.
Taggart, Travis W. 2011. Results of the Kansas Herpetological Society 2011 Fall Field Trip to Lovewell State Park. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (39):4-5.
McMartin, D. Chris. 2011. Herp Count: Fort Leavenworth Herpetofaunal Survey for 2011. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (39):8-9.
Rohweder, Megan R. 2012. Spatial conservation prioritization of Kansas for terrestrial vertebrates. Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 151 pp.
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Sinclair, Tom. 2013. A four-day spring snake count across northern Kansas. Collinsorum 2(1/2):9.
Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2012 Spring Field Trip to Bourbon County State Lake. Collinsorum 2(3/4):3.
Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2012 Fall Field Trip to Atchison County State Lake. Collinsorum 2(3/4):4.
Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2013 Spring Field Trip to Schermerhorn Park, Cherokee County. Collinsorum 2(3/4):4.
Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2013 Fall Field Trip to Butler County State Lake. Collinsorum 2(3/4):6.
Johnson, Stephen R. and Mary Stark. 2013. Brown Snakes (Storeria dekayi) in south central Iowa. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 48(1):2-3.
Gray, Brian S. 2013. Aggregations of Brownsnakes, Storeria dekayi (Holbrook, 1836), at a site in northwestern Pennsylvania. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 48(3):33-38.
Gray, Brian S. 2013. The relative importance of slugs and earthworms in the diet of Dekay's Brownsnake, Storeria dekayi, from northwestern Pennsylvania. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 48(12):157-165.
Taggart, Travis W. 2014. Results of the 2014 KHS Spring Field Trip to Barber County. Collinsorum 3(2-4):11.
Taggart, Travis W. 2014. Recent scientific and standard English name changes effecting the Kansas herpetofauna. Collinsorum 3(2-4):9-10.
Brown, Kasandra A. 2015. Occupancy Modeling Of Herpetofauna And Grassland Nesting Birds At Quivira National Wildlife Refuge. Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 72 pp.
Houck, Mike. 2015. 2015 Fort Riley Herpetofaunal Count final report. Collinsorum 4(1):10-11.
Taggart, Travis W. 2015. Spring Field Trip to the Greenhorn Limestone of Russell County. Collinsorum 4(3):2.
Taggart, Travis W. 2015. Fall Field Trip Held In Washington County. Collinsorum 4(3):4.
Pittman, Galen L., Henry S. Fitch, and W. Dean Kettle. 2016. Vertebrate animals on the Fitch Natural History Reservation (1948-2002). Kansas Biological Survey Report Number 188, Lawrence. 48 pp.
Powell, Robert, Roger Conant, and Joseph T. Collins. 2016. Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. 494 pp.
Mardis, Dexter R. 2016. Geographic distribution: Storeria dekayi: Rice County, Kansas. Collinsorum 5(4):16.
Taggart, Travis W. 2016. Spring 2016 KHS field trip to Clark County was a soggy success. Collinsorum 5(2-3):2-3.
Taggart, Travis W. 2016. Results of the KHS Summer field trip to Caney River, Chautauqua County, Kansas. Collinsorum 5(2-3):4-5.
Taggart, Travis W. 2016. Results of the KHS ‘Fall’ field trip to Barber County. Collinsorum 5(2-3):6-7.
Gray, Brian S. 2016. Associations between DeKay's Brownsnake, Storeria dekayi, and invertebrates. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 51(2):25-28.
Pyron, R. Alexander, Felisa W. Hsieh, Alan R. Lemmon, Emily M. Lemmon, and Catriona R. Hendry. 2016. Integrating phylogenomic and morphological data to assess candidate species-delimitation models in brown and red-bellied snakes (Storeria). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177(4):1-13.
Crother, Brian I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Eighth edition. Herpetological Circulars (43):1-102.
Taggart, Travis W. 2017. Results of the 2017 KHS Spring Field Trip to Elk County, Kansas. Collinsorum 6(2-3):6-8.
Johnson, Stephen R. and Mary Stark. 2017. Snake sightings, Marion County, Iowa, 2010-1016. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 52(3):49-50.
Powell, Robert, Joseph T Collins, and Errol D Hooper Jr. 2019. Key to the Herpetofauna of the Continental United States and Canada. Third Edition. Univ Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 192 pp.
Daniel, Richard E. and Brian S. Edmond. 2020. Atlas of Missouri Amphibians and Reptiles for 2019. Privately printed, Columbia, Missouri. 86 pp.
Riedle, J. Daren. 2020. Revisiting Kansas Herpetological Society field trip and Herp Count data:
Distributional patterns and trend data of Kansas amphibians and reptiles. Collinsorum 9(1):7-16.
Cool, Macy K. and Keith Geluso. 2020. Range extension for DeKay’s Brownsnake (Storeria dekayi) in south-central Nebraska. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 40:1-5.
Hullinger, Allison, Zackary Cordes, Daren Riedle, and William Stark. 2020. Habitat assessment of the Broad-headed Skink (Plestiodon laticeps)
and the associated squamate community in eastern Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 123(1-2):137-150.
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