The Little Brown Skink is characterized by four limbs, an ear opening on each side of the head, flat, smooth shiny scales on its body, a brown back with occasional dark flecks, and a wide, dark stripe on each side of the body running from the eye onto the tail. The belly is gray. Adult males have yellow bellies. Adult females have white or gray bellies and are larger than males. Males have proportionally wider, longer, and deeper heads than females (Becker and Paulissen, 2012).
Adults normally 75-125 mm (3-5 inches) in total length. The largest specimen from Kansas is a female (KU 28795) from Miami County with a snout-vent length of 57 mm and a total length of 145 mm (5¼ inches) collected by I. M. Claiborne on 30 April 1950. The maximum length throughout the range is 146.1 mm (5¾ inches) (Powell et al., 2016).
Known from wooded areas along the Kansas, Marais des Cygnes, lower Neosho, Verdigris, lower Arkansas, Medicine Lodge, and Salt Fork Arkansas river drainages.
Most often heard as it scurries among leaf litter, well before it’s ever seen. The Little Brown Skink lives in wooded areas, where it spends most of its time among the leaf litter of the forest floor. It is active from March to October and appears to tolerate lower temperatures than many other species of lizards.Although primarily active during the day, this lizard evidently moves about at night on occasion. Fitch (1956) found a specimen at night (2015 hours) in Douglas County, and Stains and Ozment (1962) captured one of these lizards crossing a road at 2330 hours in Barber County. These lizards rarely bask in the sun ; instead they prefer to forage beneath rocks and leaf litter, usually in shaded areas. When startled in the open, they do not hesitate to enter water to escape.
Fitch (1965, 1970) studied this lizard in Kansas and indicated that breeding occurs in March or April, shortly after spring emergence. Female Little Brown Skinks lay two clutches of eggs per season, in late April and again in June or July. The clutches vary from one to seven (Fitch, 1985) with an average of three or four eggs per female. The eggs contain well-developed embryos when laid and incubation may be 22- 33 days. The eggs are laid in rotten logs, stumps, or beneath leaf litter. Nothing is known of courtship in this species.
Insects are the main diet of the Little Brown Skink, although spiders and earthworms are sometimes eaten (Collins, 1993).
Predators are known to include other lizards, snakes, birds, and small mammals (Collins, 1993).
First reported from Kansas by Cragin (1880) based on observations from Kansas State University entomologist Edwin A. Popenoe at Topeka (Shawnee County) and a specimen (likely United States National Museum [USNM 6072]) from Fort Scott, Bourbon County. This specimen is not known to exist. The earliest existing specimens were all collected in 1911 by members of the University of Kansas Biological Survey and deposited in the University of Kansas (Biodiversity Institute [KU]). KU 512-20 from Labette County, KU 521-2 from the Marmaton River in Bourbon County, KU 523 from "Kansas", KU 528 from Wilson County on 15 August, and USNM 53400 from Bourbon County.
The first records for Kiowa County were obtained recently. And additional localities have been discovered in Comanche County. Both represent the westernmost populations in Kansas.
Based on a captive specimen, Snider and Bowler (1992) reported a maximum longevity for this lizard of two years, six months, and sixteen days.
References
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