HARMLESS. In Kansas the adult North American Racer is characterized by smooth scales, a divided anal scale, a uniform cream or yellow belly with no pattern, and a uniform blue-gray, greenish blue, or brown body. Young of this species have a pattern of large, light-edged blotches on the back alternating with smaller spots on the sides. This pattern is distinct on the front half of the body and fades toward the rear. Young specimens also have scattered dark speckles on the belly. As they grow older, young North American Racers lose all pattern and attain the uniform appearance of adults. Adult males have slightly longer tails than females, and females grow slightly larger than males. The tongue is typically entirely black to dark brown; occasionally reddish proximally.
Snake eggs can be especially difficult to distinguish from one species to another, however, the North American Racer and the Coachwhip are the only species in Kansas that has roughly textured eggs (like large-grit sandpaper). The eggs are white to cream and typically do not adhere to one another. They are approximately 25.4 mm (1 inch) long and 12.7 mmo(½ inch) in diameter.
Adults are normally 58.0-127.0 cm (23-50 inches) in total length. The largest specimen from Kansas is a female (KU 192239) from Jefferson County with a total length of 141.3 cm (55½ inches) collected by Rick Strawn on 31 May 1982. The maximum length throughout the range is 190.5 cm (75 inches) (Boundy, 1995; Powell et al., 2016). The maximum weight for Kansas specimen is 538 grams (1 pound, 3 ounces).
A true generalist, this species is found statewide. The North American Racer is a snake of open grassland, pasture, and prairie areas during the summer and generally is found on rocky wooded hillsides only in spring and fall.
Fitch (l956, 1963) studied this snake in northeastern Kansas, and much of the information for Kansas is based on his observations.
The North American Racer is a snake of open grassland, pasture, and prairie areas during the summer and generally is found on rocky wooded hillsides only in spring and fall. This snake is active normally from April to mid-November, at air temperatures ranging from 60° to 90°F, but Clarke (1958) found it active as early as 23 March in Osage County. Platt (1985) found this reptile common in the sand prairie habitat of western Harvey County. Rundquist (1998) reported on a letter from Claude Hibbard to Edward H. Taylor that recounted the discovery of a North American Racer active on 31 December 1950 at 70 deg F.
The North American Racer is diurnal, spending the day basking in the sun or gliding swiftly over the ground in search of food. It has an average home range of 25 acres but does not appear to be territorial. Estimates indicate as many as six North American Racers per acre in northeastern Kansas (Fitch, 1982).
During winter, this species crawls deep into rock crevices on wooded hillsides, where it remains inactive until spring. Jeffrey Burkhart (pers. comm., 1980; Collins, 1993) discovered two North American Racers in a winter retreat on 20 November in Ford County. The retreat was approximately 75 cm (29½ inches) below ground and also contained two Prairie Kingsnakes and eight Plains Garter Snakes. James L. Knight and George Toland (pers. comm., 1980) found a winter retreat in a stacked-rock well in Saline County during December which contained 122 North American Racers (nearly all adults), two Gopher Snakes, and two Common Kingsnakes. Heinrich and Kaufman (1985) found twelve of these snakes killed by a controlled prairie fire on 29 April on the Konza Prairie near Manhattan; apparently, the snakes had overwintered in a nearby rocky area and were unable to escape to safety.
Breeding in this species occurs in May. During courtship, the male positions himself alongside the female and ripples his body spasmodically as he positions his cloaca beneath her tail. Copulation then occurs and lasts several minutes. While copulating, the female may move forward slowly, dragging the attached male with her.
Cope (1900) reports an account, given by Dr. Henry Brons, of the courtship of this species on the Kansas plains: "The manner of union of the sexes at this season is rather instructive. The female among the racers (Bascanium) is larger and darker than the males, and not so graceful in form or movements. She, at times, seems to toy with the male, indisposed to yield to his importunities, though pressed with ardor. To avoid his suit, at times, she will dart through grass, among stones, or enter a crevice. Should he be able to reach his mate while within a hole, he is not slow in bringing her to the surface, again to be repulsed. Upon an unbroken ground, the sexual communion is less prolonged. Here she is unable to free herself from his quick and effectively directed moves. In case she attempts to quit him, a coil is thrown about her body, and his head laid flat upon her neck and replaced as promptly as dislodged, evidently in the endeavor to propitiate her."
Females lay their eggs from mid-June to early August, usually in tunnels or burrows of small mammals, such as moles. More than one female may use the same nest site at the same time. Number of eggs per clutch ranges from five to 31 (Fitch, 1985), with an average of eleven or twelve. Incubation takes from two to three months. Guillette and Sullivan (1983) reported a case of successful incubation of eggs removed from a pregnant road-killed North American Racer in Harvey County.
The North American Racer relies primarily on sight to capture food. It pursues and eats any small animal that moves. According to Fitch (1963, 1982), this snake eats insects, frogs, lizards, other snakes, birds, bird eggs, and small mammals. Henderson (1974), working in Douglas County, found the diet of this snake to consist of insects, smaller snakes, and small mammals.
Primary predators of this species are hawks and small mammals (Collins, 1993).
First reported in Kansas by Hallowell (1857) among the specimens collected William A. Hammond, army surgeous stationed at Fort Riley. Bocourt (1879) mentions (page 698; translated from French) "The Museum [National Museum of Natural History (Paris)] has several copies of the Bascanion flaviventris; only one of them was collected in Mexico; the others are from the United States: one of them, from Kansas, was donated by the Smithsonian Institution." The earliest existing specimens (MCZ 5418) was collected by Francis W. Cragin "near Manhattan"(Riley County). According to the MCZ catalog, one of the specimens associated with this number was sent "to Butantan" (Instituto Butantan in Sao Paulo, Brazil) on 31 May 1929. The Instituto Butantan burned on 15 May 2010 and all (85,000) of its preserved snake holdings were destroyed.
Burt (1935) reported on a female North American Racer that was found dead in the road with eggs exposed from the body cavity in Pawnee County, Kansas, on 26 May 1934. Burt (op. cit.) also reported finding young individuals with the initial color pattern in a snake den in Cowley County, Kansas, on 29 March 1934, in association with Pantherophis emoryi and Diadophis punctatus. Adults were associated with large Pituophis catenifer in another den on a prairie hillside.
Despite its scientific name, it is not a constrictor.
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Rundquist, Eric M. 1994. Additions and corrections [to the results of the sixth annual KHS herp counts held 1 April-31 May 1994]. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (98):4.
Dloogatch, Michael A. (Editor). 1994. Herpetology 1994. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29(12):282-283.
Holman, J. Alan. 1995. Pleistocene Amphibians and Reptiles. Oxford University Press, New York. 243 pp.
Cink, Calvin L. 1995. Seasonal activity of snakes on a Kansas floodplain tallgrass prairie. Proceedings of the 14th North American Prairie Conference, Kansas State University, Manhattan :83-86.
Collins, Joseph T. 1995. New records of amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1994. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (100):24-47.
Rundquist, Eric M. 1995. Results of the seventh annual KHS herp counts held 1 April-31 May 1995. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (101):11-17.
Rundquist, Eric M. 1995. Additional KHS herp counts for 1995. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (102):11-.
Parmley, Dennis and J. Alan Holman. 1995. Hemphillian (Late Miocene) snakes from Nebraska, with comments on Arikareean
through Blancan Snakes of midcontinental North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(1):79-95.
Anderson, Richard E. 1996. Biochemical and hemipenial systematics of Coluber constrictor (Reptilia: Serpentes). Thesis. Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana. 178 pp.
Miller, Larry L. 1996. Results of the KHS 1995 fall field trip. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (103):3.
Rundquist, Eric M. 1996. Results of the eighth annual KHS herp counts Held 1 April-31 May 1996. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (104):6-17.
Miller, Larry L. 1996. Third graders conduct amphibian and reptile field study. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (106):15.
Miller, Larry L. 1996. Many amphibian and reptile species identified during KHS 1996 fall field trip to Wabaunsee County. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (106):2-3.
Rakestraw, J. 1996. Spring herp counts: A Kansas tradition. Reptile & Amphibian Magazine (March-April):75-80.
Rundquist, Eric M. 1997. Results of the ninth annual KHS herp counts held 1 April-31 May 1997. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (108):12-17.
Rundquist, Eric M. 1997. Addendum to 1997 KHS herp counts. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (109):14-15.
Collins, Joseph T. 1997. A report on the KHS fall field trip to the Marais des Cygnes wildlife refuges. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (110):2-3.
Conant, Roger and Joseph T. Collins. 1998. Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. 3rd ed, expanded. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts.
Powell, Robert, Joseph T Collins, and Errol D Hooper Jr. 1998. A Key to Amphibians & Reptiles of the Continental United States and Canada. Univ Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 131 pp.
Gamble, Jerre. 1998. Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Hartford, Kansas. 91 pp.
Rundquist, Eric M. 1998. Winter snake activity. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (111):16.
Rundquist, Eric M. 1998. Results of the tenth annual KHS herp counts for 1998, held 1 April-31 May. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (112):11-18.
Rundquist, Eric M. 1998. Racer reproduction and diet observation. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (113):15.
Simmons, John E. 1998. A technique to remove reptiles from glue boards. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (114):18.
Collins, Joseph T. 1998. Results of the KHS silver anniversary fall field trip. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (114):6-.
Rundquist, Eric M. 1999. Kansas Herpetological Society herp counts: A 10 year summary and evaluation. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (115):42962.
Taggart, Travis W. 1999. Cherokee County fall 1999 herp count. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (117):6.
Fitch, Henry S. 2000. Population structure and biomass of some common snakes in central North America. Scientific Papers of the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas (17):1-7.
Taggart, Travis W. 2000. KHS spring field trip sets record for attendance. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (120):5-5.
Taggart, Travis W. 2000. Biogeographic analysis of the reptiles (Squamata) in Ellis County, Kansas. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (121):7-16.
Rundquist, Eric M. 2000. Results of the eleventh and twelfth annual KHS herpetofaunal counts for 1999-2000, held 1 April-31 May. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (122):11-16.
Johnson, Richard W. 2001. Spatial ecology of the Eastern Coachwhip (Masticophis flagellum flagellum) in and eastern Texas upland community. Thesis. Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas. 54 pp.
Guarisco, Hank. 2001. Ode to an ophidion autumn. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (123):19.
Taggart, Travis W. 2001. The KHS 2001 spring field trip: A rainy rendezvous. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (124):12-14.
Schmidt, Curtis J. 2001. The amphibians, turtles, and reptiles of the Smoky Valley Ranch, Logan County, Kansas. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (124):9-11.
Taggart, Travis W. 2001. Results of the KHS spring field trip west. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (125):10.
Ellis, Mark R. 2001. Reproduction in the Common Garter Snake in Shawnee County, Kansas. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (125):12.
Rundquist, Eric M. 2001. Results of the thirteenth annual KHS herp counts for 2001, held 1 April-30 June. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (125):13-16.
Shewchuk, Christopher H. and James D. Austin. 2001. Foot habits of the Racer (Coluber constrictor mormon) in the northern part of its range. Herpetological Journal 11:151-155.
Kretzer, Justin E. and Jack F. Cully, Jr. 2001. Effects of Blacktailed Prairie Dogs on reptiles and amphibians in Kansas shortgrass prairie. Southwestern Naturalist 46(2):171-177.
Kingsbury, Bruce and Joanna Gibson. 2002. Habitat Management Guidelines for Amphibians and Reptiles of the Midwest. Publication of Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, Address not given. 152 pp.
Fogell, Daniel D. 2002. Occurrence and relative abundance of amphibians and reptiles at
Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Homestead National Monument of
America, and Pipestone National Monument within the Heartland Inventory
and Monitoring Network. Interim Report. National Park Service, Washington, D.C.. 6 pp.
Taggart, Travis W. and Curtis J. Schmidt. 2002. Geographic distribution: Coluber constrictor. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (2):10.
Riedle, J. Daren and A. Hynek. 2002. Amphibian and reptile inventory of the Kansas Army Ammunition Plant, Labette County, Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (2):18-20.
Ellis, Mark R. 2002. Fall 2002 KHS field trip to Washington County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (2):4-5.
Taggart, Travis W. 2002. Results of the spring 2002 KHS field trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (3):6-7.
Taggart, Travis W. 2002. Results of the KHS 2002 fall field Trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (4):11-13.
Miller, Larry L. 2002. Osage County herp count II. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (4):15.
Miller, Larry L. 2002. Shawnee County herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (4):15.
Rundquist, Eric M. 2002. Natural history of the Night Snake, Hypsiglena torquata, in Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (4):16-20.
Freeman, Craig C. 2003. A natural areas inventory of the Ft. Leavenworth Military Reservation, Leavenworth County, Kansas. II. Open-file Report No. 117. Kansas Biological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas. 199 pp.
Fogell, Daniel D. 2003. A herpetofaunal inventory of Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Homestead National Monument of America, and Pipestone National Monument within the Heartland Inventory
and Monitoring Network. National Park Service, Washington, D.C.. 59 pp.
Suleiman, G. 2003. Fort Riley herpetofaunal count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (5):11-12.
Collins, Joseph T. 2003. New records of amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 2002. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (5):13-16.
Taggart, Travis W. 2003. Communal brumaculum. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (5):16.
Taggart, Travis W. 2003. KHS conducts first systematic road survey. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (6):11-12.
Platt, Dwight R. 2003. Lizards and snakes (Order Squamata) of Harvey County, Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (6):13-20.
Fitch, Henry S. 2003. Reproduction in snakes of the Fitch Natural History Reservation in northeastern Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (6):21-24.
Taggart, Travis W. 2003. Results of the 2003 KHS spring field trip to Wilson County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (6):2-5.
Miller, Larry L. and Suzanne L. Miller. 2003. Wakarusa herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (7):10.
Burr, Andrew. 2003. Coffey County herp count 1. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (7):7.
Volkmann, Al. 2003. Cowley County herp count 1. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (7):7.
Taggart, Travis W. 2003. Logan County herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (7):8.
Suleiman, Gibran. 2003. Fort Riley herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (7):9.
Taggart, Travis W. 2003. Results of the KHS 2003 fall field trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (8):14-15.
Fitch, Henry S., Scott Sharp, and Kylee Sharp. 2003. Snakes of the University of Kansas biotic succession area. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (8):20-21.
Setser, Kirk and John F. Cavitt. 2003. Effects of burning on snakes in Kansas, USA, tallgrass prairie. Natural Areas Journal 23(4):315-319.
Schmidt, Curtis J. 2004. Natural history and status of the exploited Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) in western Kansas and a herpetofaunal inventory of the Smoky Valley Ranch, Logan County, Kansas. Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 170 pp.
Delisle, Jennifer M. and William H. Busby. 2004. Biological inventory for vertebrates at Fort Larned National Historic Site of the southern plains network. Natural Heritage Inventory, Kansas Biological Survey, Lawrence. 61 pp.
Taggart, Travis W. 2004. Kansas Herpetological Society 2004 spring field trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (9):2.
Fitch, Henry S. 2004. Food surplus and body size in local populations of snakes. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (10):14-16.
Taggart, Travis W. 2004. Results of the 2004 KHS spring field trip to Logan County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (10):2-7.
Volkmann, Al. 2004. Cowley County herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (11):10.
Collins, Joseph T. 2004. Marais des Cygnes herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (11):11.
Miller, Larry L. 2004. Sumner County herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (11):11-12.
Ellis, Mark R. and Kathy Ellis. 2004. Wakarusa herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (11):12.
Taggart, Travis W. 2004. Results of the KHS 2004 fall feld trip . Journal of Kansas Herpetology (12):15-16.
Taggart, Travis W. 2005. Results of the KHS 2005 fall field trip [to Crawford County]. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (16):19-21.
Taggart, Travis W. 2006. Addendum report to biological inventory of the sandsage prairie near Holcomb, Kansas. Sunflower Electric Cooperative, Hays, Kansas. 31 pp.
Taggart, Travis W. 2006. Distribution and status of Kansas herpetofauna in need of information. State Wildlife Grant T7. Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Pratt. vii + 106 pp.
Taggart, Travis W. 2006. Results of the KHS spring field trip to Kiowa County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (18):2-5.
Wilgers, Dustin J. and Eva A. Horne. 2006. Effects of different burn regimes on tallgrass prairie herpetofaunal species diversity and community composition in the Flint Hills, Kansas. Journal of Herpetology 40:73-84.
Wilgers, Dustin J., Eva A. Horne, Brett K. Sandercock, and Allan W. Volkmann. 2006. Effects of rangeland management on community dynamics of the herpetofauna of the tallgrass prairie. 62:378-388.
Taggart, Travis W., Joseph T. Collins, and Curtis J. Schmidt. 2007. Estimates of amphibian, reptile, and turtle mortality if Phostoxin is applied to 10,000 acres of prairie dog burrows in Logan County, Kansas. Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Pratt. 5 pp.
Pyron, R. Alexander. 2007. A revised distribution record of Masticophis in Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (24):16.
Taggart, Travis W. 2007. A biological inventory of the Sunflower Electric Site near Holcomb, Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 23:11-16.
Wilgers, Dustin J. and Eva A. Horne. 2007. Spatial variation in predation attempts on artificial snakes in a firedisturbed tallgrass prairie. Southwestern Naturalist 52:263-270.
Taggart, Travis W. 2008. KHS 2008 spring field trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (25):2-3.
Collins, Joseph T. 2008. Racer re-arrangement revealed. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (26):8-9.
Klug, Page E. 2009. Interactions between grassland birds and their snake predators: The potential for conservation conflicts in the tallgrass praire. Dissertation. Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. 139 pp.
Maxell, Bryce A., Paul Hendricks, M. T. Gates, and S. Lenard. 2009. Montana amphibian and reptile status assessment, literature review, and conservation plan. Montana Natural Heritage Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT. 642 pp.
Murrow, Daniel G. 2009. KHS 2009 spring field trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (29):42769.
Collins, Joseph T., Suzanne L. Collins, and Travis W. Taggart. 2010. Amphibians, Reptiles, and Turtles of Kansas. Eagle Mountain Publishing., Provo, Utah. 400 pp.
Murrow, Daniel G. 2010. Kansas Herpetological Society spring field trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (33):2-3.
Klug, Page E., Sara L. Jackerel, and Kimberly A. With. 2010. Linking snake habitat use to next predation risk in grassland birds: The dangers of shrub cover. Oecologia 162:803–813.
Collins, Joseph T., Suzanne L. Collins, and Travis W. Taggart. 2011. Amphibians, Reptiles, and Turtles of the Cimarron National Grassland, Kansas. Second (Revised) Edition. U. S. Forest Service.
McMartin, David C. 2011. U. S. Army 2011 Fort Leavenworth Herpetofaunal Survey: 23 April - 09 May 2011. Privately printed, Leavenworth, Kansas. 33 pp.
Busby, William. 2011. Ecology of the Smooth Earth Snake (Virginia valeriae)
and Redbelly Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata) in Northeastern Kansas. Open-file Report No. 172. Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Pratt, Kansas. 37 pp.
Taggart, Travis W. 2011. Kansas Herpetological Society 2011 spring field trip to be held in Chautauqua County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (37):5-7.
Taggart, Travis W. 2011. Results of the KHS Spring Field Trip to Chautauqua County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (38):2-4.
Taggart, Travis W. 2011. Results of the Kansas Herpetological Society 2011 Summer Field Trip to Scott State Park. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (39):2.
McMartin, D. Chris. 2011. Herp Count: Fort Leavenworth Herpetofaunal Survey for 2011. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (39):8-9.
Houck, Mike. 2011. Fort Riley Herpetofaunal Survey for 2011. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (39):9.
Klug, Page E., Samantha M. Wisely, and Kimberly A. With. 2011. Population genetic structure and landscape connectivity
of the Eastern Yellowbelly Racer (Coluber constrictor
flaviventris) in the contiguous tallgrass prairie
of northeastern Kansas, USA. Landscape Ecology 26:281–294.
Klug, Page E., Jennifer Fill, and Kimberly A. With. 2011. Spatial ecology of Eastern Yellow-Bellied Racer (Coluber
constrictor flaviventris) and Great Plains Rat Snake
(Pantherophis emoryi) in a contiguous tallgrass-prairie
landscape. Herpetologica 67(4):428-439.
Rohweder, Megan R. 2012. Spatial conservation prioritization of Kansas for terrestrial vertebrates. Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 151 pp.
Powell, Robert, Joseph T Collins, and Errol D Hooper Jr. 2012. Key to the Herpetofauna of the Continental United States and Canada: Second Edition, Revised and Updated. Univ Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 152 pp.
Martino, Jessica A., Ray G. Poulin, Dennilyn L. Parker, and Christopher M. Somers. 2012. Habitat selection by grassland snakes at northern range limits: Implications for
conservation. The Journal of Wildlife Management 76(4):759-767.
Miller, Larry L. 2013. Wellington Lake Herpetological Survey. Collinsorum 2(1/2):12.
Sinclair, Tom. 2013. A four-day spring snake count across northern Kansas. Collinsorum 2(1/2):9.
Baldwin, Mary Kate. 2013. “Herps in Havensville” Herp Surveys. Collinsorum 2(3/4):10.
Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2012 Spring Field Trip to Bourbon County State Lake. Collinsorum 2(3/4):3.
Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2012 Summer Field Trip to Meade County State Park. Collinsorum 2(3/4):3.
Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2012 Fall Field Trip to Atchison County State Lake. Collinsorum 2(3/4):4.
Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2013 Spring Field Trip to Schermerhorn Park, Cherokee County. Collinsorum 2(3/4):4.
Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2013 Summer Field Trip to Coldwater Lake, Comanche County. Collinsorum 2(3/4):5.
Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2013 Fall Field Trip to Butler County State Lake. Collinsorum 2(3/4):6.
Gardiner, Laura E., Christopher M. Somers, Jessica A. Martino, Dennilyn L. Parker, and Ray G. Poulin. 2013. Balancing the dumbbell: Summer habitats
need protection in addition to winter dens
for northern snake communities. The Journal of Wildlife Management 77(5):975-982.
McMartin, D. Chris. 2014. Fort Leavenworth Heretofaunal Survey for 2013. Collinsorum 3(1):10.
Taggart, Travis W. 2014. Results of the 2014 KHS Spring Field Trip to Barber County. Collinsorum 3(2-4):11.
Taggart, Travis W. 2014. Results of the 2014 KHS Fall Field Trip to Woodson County. Collinsorum 3(2-4):12.
Taggart, Travis W. 2014. Results of the 2014 KHS summer field trip to Morton County and adjacent Colorado, New Mexico,
and Oklahoma. Collinsorum 3(2-4):12.
Taggart, Travis W. 2014. Recent scientific and standard English name changes effecting the Kansas herpetofauna. Collinsorum 3(2-4):9-10.
Brown, Kasandra A. 2015. Occupancy Modeling Of Herpetofauna And Grassland Nesting Birds At Quivira National Wildlife Refuge. Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 72 pp.
Houck, Mike. 2015. 2015 Fort Riley Herpetofaunal Count final report. Collinsorum 4(1):10-11.
Taggart, Travis W. 2015. Spring Field Trip to the Greenhorn Limestone of Russell County. Collinsorum 4(3):2.
Taggart, Travis W. 2015. Summer Field Trip In The Harvey County Sandhills. Collinsorum 4(3):3.
Taggart, Travis W. 2015. Fall Field Trip Held In Washington County. Collinsorum 4(3):4.
Pittman, Galen L., Henry S. Fitch, and W. Dean Kettle. 2016. Vertebrate animals on the Fitch Natural History Reservation (1948-2002). Kansas Biological Survey Report Number 188, Lawrence. 48 pp.
Powell, Robert, Roger Conant, and Joseph T. Collins. 2016. Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. 494 pp.
Taggart, Travis W. 2016. Spring 2016 KHS field trip to Clark County was a soggy success. Collinsorum 5(2-3):2-3.
Taggart, Travis W. 2016. Results of the KHS Summer field trip to Caney River, Chautauqua County, Kansas. Collinsorum 5(2-3):4-5.
Taggart, Travis W. 2016. Results of the KHS ‘Fall’ field trip to Barber County. Collinsorum 5(2-3):6-7.
Howey, Christopher A. F., Matthew B. Dickinson, and Willem M. Roosenburg. 2016. Effects of landscape disturbance on the habitat use and behavior of the Black Racer. Copeia 104(4):853-863.
Crother, Brian I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Eighth edition. Herpetological Circulars (43):1-102.
Mardis, Dexter R. 2017. Results from three Herpetofaunal tallies at Wichita State University’s Youngmeyer Ranch in Northwestern
Elk County. Collinsorum 6(1):8-10.
Taggart, Travis W. 2017. Results of the 2017 KHS Spring Field Trip to Elk County, Kansas. Collinsorum 6(2-3):6-8.
Taggart, Travis W. 2017. Herp Count: Clark County State Lake. Collinsorum 6(2-3):9.
Houck, Mike. 2018. Herp Count: Fort Riley Military Installation. Collinsorum 7(1):17.
Leao, Suelem Muniz, Eric R. Pianka, and Nicolás Pelegrin. 2018. Is there evidence for population regulation in amphibians and reptiles? Journal of Herpetology 52(1):28-33.
Powell, Robert, Joseph T Collins, and Errol D Hooper Jr. 2019. Key to the Herpetofauna of the Continental United States and Canada. Third Edition. Univ Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 192 pp.
Daniel, Richard E. and Brian S. Edmond. 2020. Atlas of Missouri Amphibians and Reptiles for 2019. Privately printed, Columbia, Missouri. 86 pp.
Riedle, J. Daren. 2020. Revisiting Kansas Herpetological Society field trip and Herp Count data:
Distributional patterns and trend data of Kansas amphibians and reptiles. Collinsorum 9(1):7-16.
Hullinger, Allison, Zackary Cordes, Daren Riedle, and William Stark. 2020. Habitat assessment of the Broad-headed Skink (Plestiodon laticeps)
and the associated squamate community in eastern Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 123(1-2):137-150.
Taggart, Travis W and Sarah L Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Neosho County: KHS-2020-01. Collinsorum 9(3):11.
Taggart, Travis W and Sarah L Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Cherokee County: KHS-2020-02. Collinsorum 9(3):11-12.
Schmidt, Curtis J and Avery Schmidt. 2021. Herp Count: KHS-2020-4. Collinsorum 9(3):12.
Taggart, Travis W and Sarah L Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Cherokee County: KHS-2020-03. Collinsorum 9(3):12.
Mardis, Dexter R. 2021. Herp Count: Greenwood County: KHS-2020-14. Collinsorum 9(3):13.
Taggart, Travis W and Sarah L Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Hodgeman County: KHS-2020-09. Collinsorum 9(3):13.
Taggart, Travis W and Sarah L Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Stanton County: KHS-2020-10. Collinsorum 9(3):13.
Taggart, Travis W and Sarah L Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Comanche County: KHS-2020-15. Collinsorum 9(3):13-14.
Schmidt, Curtis J. 2021. Herp Count: Russell County: KHS-2020-16. Collinsorum 9(3):14.
Taggart, Travis W. 2021. Herp Count: Russell County: KHS-2020-24. Collinsorum 9(3):14-15.
Taggart, Megan M. and Travis W. Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Seward County: KHS-2020-27. Collinsorum 9(3):15.
Riedle, J. Daren, Tamera D. Riedle, Zachary Riedle, and Greya Riedle. 2021. Herp Count: Stafford County: KHS-2020-34. Collinsorum 9(3):16.
Schmidt, Curtis J. 2021. Herp Count: Ellis County: KHS-2020-32. Collinsorum 9(3):16.
Russell, Elisabeth. 2023. Habitat associations and fine-scale movements of the Red-spotted Toad (Anaxyrus punctatus) in Kansas and the efficacy of remote telemetry for monitoring small-scale movements. Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 81 pp.
Burbrink, Frank T. and Edward A. Myers. 2024. The genetic origins of species boundaries at subtropical and
temperate ecoregions in the North American racers (Coluber
constrictor). Heredity 2024(https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-024-00737-7):1-11.
Myers, Edward A., Marcelo Gehara, Jamie L. Burgoon, Alexander D. McKelvy, Lauren Vonnahme, and Frank T. Burbrink. 2024. Contrasting the depths of divergence between gene-tree and coalescent estimates in the North American racers (Colubridae: Coluber constrictor). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society zlae018:17.