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Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas

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Six-lined Racerunner

Aspidoscelis sexlineatus (Linnaeus, 1766)

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Overview
The Six-lined Racerunner is characterized by four limbs, an ear opening on each side of the head, smooth granular scales on the back which are much smaller than those on the belly, scales on the belly rectangular in eight rows, and seven light stripes running down the back, one in the middle and three on each side. The stripes range from greenish blue to yellow and may be indistinct in older adult males. Areas between the stripes vary from brown to dark green. The throat, chest, and forward sides of the body are suffused with light green or bluish green, particularly in males. The tail is brownish. Adult males have a broader head than females, and females are heavier bodied.
Adults normally 152-203 mm (6-8 inches) in total length. The largest specimen from Kansas is a male (KU 220236) from Cherokee County with a snout-vent length of 82 mm and a total length of 233 mm (9­1⁄8 inches) collected by Randall S. Reiserer on 18 May 1992. The maximum length throughout the range is 266.7 mm (10½ inches) (Powell et al., 2016).

Distribution
This lizard occurs throughout Kansas, and may particularly abundant in areas characterized by loose soils and patchy open (or rocky) vegetation. A quick and alert species, they are most easily taken under cover early in the morning.

Reproduction
As their name implies, they are quick and are usually just a blur when you encounter them. These lizards are easiest to observe by turning cover on cool mornings. They are most common in areas with sandy soils.
The Six-lined Racerunner is a lizard of dry, open, sandy areas with little leafy vegetation. It also inhabits open, rocky, grazed, and cultivated regions. Fitch (1958) studied this species in Douglas County and observed that its population decreased when the amount of available open area was reduced by leafy plant growth. Werth (1972) observed the Six-lined Racerunner with three other species of lizards in Ellis County and found it abundant in sandy basins. In Harvey County, Platt (1985) demonstrated that this lizard was most abundant in natural sand prairie.
To remain active, this lizard requires warmer weather than most other Kansas species. It has an optimal air temperature near 93°F. Werth (1972) found it active from May to August in Ellis County, and Fitch (1958) recorded its yearly activity period as May to September in northeastern Kansas. This species spends the colder half of the year inactive beneath the ground.
Six-lined Racerunners are fast, nervous animals active only during the day; in western Kansas, they exhibit a peak of activity from 1200 to 1400 hours. However, Fitch (1958) found that in Douglas County their daily activity period extends from 0800 to 1500 hours and depends on the individual lizard and the prevailing temperature. During extreme heat, this lizard rests in the shade or in small burrows.
In eastern Kansas, these reptiles have a home range of one-fourth to one-fifth of an acre (Fitch, 1958). Werth (1972) reported a much smaller home range for Six-lined Racerunners in western Kansas. This species is not territorial.
Six-lined Racerunners mate in May and June. Courtship initially involves the male displaying his brightly colored throat and chest. He bites the female on the neck or flank, pinions her, and twists his rear body around and under her tail until their cloacal openings meet. Copulation is brief, lasting only a few minutes. After the male releases the female, he may follow her with his tail arched and his cloaca pressed to the ground.
Female Six-lined Racerunners nest in June or July and may produce more than one clutch of eggs per season. The eggs are buried a few inches beneath sandy soil and hatch in two months. Each female lays one to eight white eggs (Fitch, 1985), with an average of three per clutch.
Hartman (1906) summarized that due to their speed, no insect could escape them, except by flight. He reported grasshoppers, cockroaches, tiger-beetles, and other beetles as prey items. Fitch (1958) and Werth (1972) listed spiders, snails, and small insects as being eaten by this lizard. Burt (1928) found that grasshoppers, moths, and spiders made up 75 percent of their diet.
Predators of the Six-lined Racerunner include snakes, birds, and small mammals. Knight and Collins (1977) reported predation on this lizard by a Milk Snake and a Western Rattlesnake in Cheyenne County.

Remarks
First reported in Kansas by Hallowell (1857) based on a specimen procured by Fort Riley surgeon William A. Hammond in the vicinity of Fort Riley, Riley County. Bocourt (1879) gives the following account (page 278; translated from French) "The Museum [National Museum of Natural History (Paris)] has nine copies of this variety, which, according to the method of coloration, show notable differences: the smallest, from Kansas, was donated as Cnemidophorus gularis by the Academy of Philadelphia; his body is crossed by six yellow longitudinal lines; the interval between them is decorated with small black circular lines, the lower regions are of a pale yellow." The earliest possibly existing specimen (Museum of Comparative Zoology [MCZ 2458]) was collected from "Leavenworth or Topeka, Kan" in May 1871. The MCZ catalog states that the specimen was sent "to Butantan 5/31/29", the Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo, Brazil) burned in 2010 destroying their collection of more than 80,000 herpetological specimens. It is uncertain if MCZ 2458 still exists.
Cragin (1885) reported a specimen from McPherson County (as Cnemidophorus tessellatus [=Aspidoscelis tessellatus]) collected by Dr. John Rundstrom.
When Reeder (2002) resurrected Aspidoscelis (for the former Cnemidophorus sexlineatus, and other extralimital species), he treated it as feminine and amended the ending of the specific name, as A. sexlineata. Subsequently, Tucker et al., (2016) argued that Aspidoscelis was in fact masculine and that the correct emendation should be A. sexlineatus. The latest SSAR list (2017) used A. sexlineata, however the KHA is following Walker et al. (2021) in using A. sexlineatus and anticipates that the next edition of the SSAR list will too.

References

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Abert, James W. 1848. Notes of Lieutenant J. W. Abert. Appendix Number 6. Pages 386-414 in Notes of a Military Reconnaissance from Fort Leavenworth, in Missouri to San Diego, in California including Parts of Arkansas, Del Norte and Gila Rivers. Wendell and Benthuysen, Printers, Senate Executive Document 41, 30th Congress First Session, Washington, D. C.

Hallowell, Edward. 1856. Notice of a collection of reptiles from Kansas and Nebraska presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences, by Doctor Hammond, U. S. A. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8:238-253.

Hallowell, Edward. 1857. Note on the collection of reptiles from the neighborhood of San Antonio, Texas, recently presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences by Dr. A. Heerman. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8:306-310.

Bocourt, Marie F. 1874. Etudes sur les reptiles. [Studies on reptiles.]. Pages 193–280 in Duméril, Mocquard, and Bocourt, 1870-1909. Recherches Zoologiques pour servir a l'Histoire de Ia Faune de l'Amérique Centrale et du Mexique. Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amér. Livraison 4. [ Zoological Research to be used in the History of the Fauna of Central America and Mexico. Scientific Mission to Mexico and America. Delivery 4]. Imprimerie Impériale [Imperial Printing Office], Paris, France.

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Hartman, Frank A. 1906. Food habits of Kansas lizards and batrachians. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 20:225-229.

Householder, Victor H. 1916. The Lizards and Turtles of Kansas with Notes on Their Distribution and Habitat. Thesis. University of Kansas, Lawrence. 100 pp.

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Taylor, Edward H. 1929. List of reptiles and batrachians of Morton County, Kansas, reporting species new to the state fauna. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 19(6):63-65.

Burt, Charles E. 1933. Some distributional and ecological records of Kansas reptiles. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 26:186-208.

Brennan, Lawrence A. 1934. A check list of the amphibians and reptiles of Ellis County, Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 37:189-191.

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Brennan, Lawrence A. 1935. Notes on the distribution of Amphibia and Reptilia of Ellis County, Kansas. Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 114 pp.

Burt, Charles E. 1935. Further records of the ecology and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the middle west. The American Midland Naturalist 16(3):311-366.

Hurd, Myron Alec. 1936. The reptiles of Cherokee County, Kansas. Thesis. Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas. 103 pp.

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Marr, John C. 1944. Notes on amphibians and reptiles from the central United States. The American Midland Naturalist 32(2):478-490.

Lane, Henry H. 1946. A survey of the fossil vertebrates of Kansas, Part III. The reptiles. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 49(3):289-332.

Hall, Henry H. and Hobart M. Smith. 1947. Selected records of reptiles and amphibians from southeastern Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 49(4):447-454.

Smith, Hobart M. 1950. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of Kansas. University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publication (2):336.

Wolfenbarger, Keith. A. 1951. Systematic and Biological Studies on North American Chiggers of the genus Eutrombicula (Acarina, Trombiculidae). Thesis. University of Kansas, Lawrence. 77 pp.

Smith, Hobart M. 1956. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of Kansas. Second edition. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publication (9):1-356.

Loomis, Richard B. 1956. The chigger mites of Kansas (Acarina, Trombiculidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 37:1195-1443.

Fitch, Henry S. 1958. Natural history of the Six-lined Racerunner (Cnemidophorus sexlineatus). University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History 11(2):11-62.

Etheridge, Richard E. 1958. Pleistocene lizards of the Cragin Quarry fauna of Meade County, Kansas. Copeia 1958(2):94-101.

Hibbard, Claude W. and Dwight W. Taylor. 1960. Two Late Pleistocene Faunas from southwestern Kansas. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan 16(1):1-223.

Etheridge, Richard E. 1960. Additional notes on the lizards of the Cragin Quarry fauna. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 45:113-117.

Etheridge, Richard E. 1960. The Pliocene lizard genus Eumecoides Taylor. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 59(2):62-69.

Gish, Charles D. 1962. The Herpetofauna of Ellis County, Kansas. Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 34 pp.

Duellman, William E. and Richard G. Zweifel. 1962. A synopsis of the lizards of the sexlineatus group (Genus Cnemidophorus). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 123(3):155-210.

Clarke, Robert F. 1965. Lizards in Kansas. Kansas School Naturalist 11(4):1-16.

Lowe, Charles H., Jr. 1966. The prairie lined racerunner. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 4(1):44-45.

Choate, Jerry R. 1967. Wildlife in the Wakarusa Watershed of Northeastern Kansas. Kansas Biological Survey, Lawrence. 46 pp.

Webb, Robert G. 1970. Reptiles of Oklahoma. Stovall Museum, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. 370 pp.

Fitch, Henry S. 1970. Reproductive cycles in lizards and snakes. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publication (52):1-247.

Holman, J. Alan. 1971. Herpetofauna of the sandahl local fauna (Pleistocene: Illinoian) of Kansas. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 23(22):349-355.

Werth, Robert J. 1972. Lizard ecology: evidence of competition. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 75:283-300.

Collins, Joseph T. 1974. Amphibians and Reptiles in Kansas. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Public Education Series (1):283 pp.

Karns, Daryl, Ray E. Ashton, Jr., and Thomas Swearingen. 1974. Illustrated Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles in Kansas: An Identification Manual. University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History Public Education Series(2):viii + 18.

Rundquist, Eric M. 1975. Amphibians and Reptiles of Kingman County, Kansas. Privately Printed, Lawrence, Kansas. 3 pp.

Holman, J. Alan. 1975. Herpetofauna of the WaKeeney local fauna (Lower Pliocene: Clarendionian) of Trego County, Kansas. Pages 49-66 in Studies on Cenozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy in honor of Claude W. Hibbard. Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Rundquist, Eric M. 1976. Field checklist (of) amphibians and reptiles of Kansas. Kansas Herpetological Society, Lawrence.

Caldwell, Janalee P. and Gregory. Glass. 1976. Vertebrates of the Woodson County State Fishing Lake and Game Management Area. Pages 62-76 in Preliminary inventory of the biota of Woodson County State Fishing Lake and Game Management Area. Report No. 5. State Biological Survey of Kansas, Lawrence.

Grow, David. 1976. The KHS goes to Chetopa. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (13):2-3.

Clark, Donald R., Jr. 1976. Ecological observations on a Texas population of Six-Lined Racerunners, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Teiidae). Journal of Herpetology 10(2):133-138.

Rickart, Eric A. 1976. A new horned lizard (Phrynosoma adinognathus) from the early Pleistocene of Meade County, Kansas, with comments on the herpetofauna of the Borchers locality. Herpetologica 32(1):64-67.

Knight, James L. and Joseph T. Collins. 1977. The amphibians and reptiles of Cheyenne County, Kansas, Report Number 15. Kansas Biological Survey, Lawrence. 19 pp.

Perry, Janice. 1977. KHS members achieve goal: Get Cottonmouth. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (21):3-4.

Warner, M. and R. Wencel. 1978. Chikaskia River study held near Caldwell. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (25):15-16.

Schwaner, Terry D. 1978. KHS field trip to Grant County, Kansas, 12-14 May 1978. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (25):3-4.

Collins, Joseph T. and Janalee P. Caldwell. 1978. New records of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles in Kansas for 1977. Technical Publication of the State Biological Survey of Kansas 6:70-88.

Martin, Larry D. 1979. Survey of fossil vertebrates from east-central Kansas: Kansas River bank stabilization study. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City District. 55 pp.

Ports, Mark A. 1979. Occurrence and density studies of nongame wildlife in southwestern Kansas - May 16-August 16, 1979. Kansas Fish and Game Commission, Pratt, Kansas. 83 pp.

Collins, Joseph T. 1979. New records of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles in Kansas for 1978. Technical Publication of the State Biological Survey of Kansas 8:56-66.

Holman, J. Alan. 1979. Herpetofauna of the Nash local fauna (Pleistocene: Aftonian) of Kansas. Copeia 1979(4):747-749.

Clarke, Robert F. 1980. Herptiles and fishes of the western Arkansas River in Kansas. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 55 pp.

Spencer, Dwight. 1980. Spencer, D. 1980. Ross Natural History Reservation: the first twenty years, 1959 to 1979. Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas.. 64 pp.

Collins, Joseph T. 1980. New records of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles in Kansas for 1979. Technical Publication of the State Biological Survey of Kansas 9:1-11.

Eshelman, Ralph E. and Claude W. Hibbard. 1981. Nash Local Fauna (Pleistocene: Aftonian) of Meade County, Kansas. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan 25(16):317-326.

Collins, Joseph T. 1982. Report to the Kansas Fish and Game Commission on the status of three amphibians in southeastern Kansas. Kansas Fish and Game Commission, Pratt. 57 pp.

Fitch, Henry S. 1982. Resources of a snake community in prairie-woodland habitat of northeastern Kansas. Pages 83-97 in Herpetological communities: A symposium of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles and the Herpetologists League, August 1977.  Wildlife Research Reports 12. 239 pp. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D. C.

Collins, Joseph T. 1982. Amphibians and Reptiles in Kansas. 2nd edition. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Public Education Series (8).

Trott, Gene. 1983. Chikaskia River wildlife study. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (52):3-4.

Fraser, John C. 1983. A trip to the 'TransPecos'. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (54):18-23.

Miller, Larry L. 1983. Bourbon County field trip well attended and successful. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (54):6-7.

Crampton, L. 1983. Herpetological collecting in Sumner County, Kansas. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (54):8-9.

Collins, Joseph T. 1983. New records of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles in Kansas for 1982 . Technical Publication of the State Biological Survey of Kansas 13:9-21.

Brown, Kenneth L. 1984. Pomona: A plains village variant in eastern Kansas and western Missouri. Dissertation. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 519 pp.

Heinrich, Mark L. 1984. Herpetofauna of the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area in the Flint Hills region of Kansas with respect to habitat selection. Thesis. Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. 57 pp.

Secor, Stephen M. and Charles C. Carpenter. 1984. Distribution maps of Oklahoma reptiles. Oklahoma Herpetological Society Special Publication (3):1-57.

Schwarting, Nancy. 1984. KHS field trip, May 1984. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (57):3-4.

Miller, Larry L. 1985. KHS 1985 field trip to Kirwin Reservoir. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (61):11-12.

Lynch, John D. 1985. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nebraska. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 13:33-57.

Collins, Joseph T. 1986. New records of amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1985. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (63):4.

Collins, Joseph T. 1986. New records of amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1986. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (66):9-16.

Simmons, John E. 1987. September 1987 field trip report. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (69):42894.

Collins, Joseph T. 1988. New records of amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1987. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (71):13-19.

Miller, Larry L. 1988. Harper County KHS field trip well attended. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (72):5-6.

Strimple, Peter D. 1988. The Six-lined Racerunner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus sexlineatus (Linnaeus) 1766. The Forked Tongue 13(8):7-12.

Collins, Joseph T. 1989. New records of amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1988. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (75):15-18.

Collins, Joseph T. 1989. First Kansas herp counts held in 1989. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (77):11-.

Collins, Joseph T. 1989. New records of amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1989. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (78):16-21.

Collins, Joseph T. 1990. Results of second Kansas herp count held during April-May 1990. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (81):10-12.

Collins, Joseph T. 1990. Maximum size records for Kansas amphibians and reptiles. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (81):13-17.

Conant, Roger and Joseph T. Collins. 1991. Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts.

Collins, Joseph T. and Suzanne L. Collins. 1991. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Cimarron National Grasslands, Morton County, Kansas. U. S. Forest Service, Elkhart, Kansas. 60 pp.

Fitch, Henry S. 1991. Reptiles and amphibians of the Kansas ecological reserves. Pages 71-74 in Ecology and Hydrology of Kansas Ecological Reserves and the Baker Wetlands. Multidisciplinary Guidebook 4. Kansas Academy of Science, Lawrence, Kansas.

Collins, Joseph T. 1991. New records of amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1990. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (83):7-13.

Collins, Joseph T. 1991. Results of third Kansas herp count held during April-May 1991. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (85):9-13.

Collins, Joseph T. 1992. Results of the fourth Kansas herp count held during April-May 1992. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (89):10-.

Gubanyi, James E. 1992. An observation on the stomach contents of a Texas Longnose Snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei tessellatus). Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (89):17.

Taggart, Travis W. 1992. Results of the KHS annual field trip to Sheridan County State Lake. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (90):3-4.

Rundquist, Eric M. 1992. Results of the KHS 1992 fall field trip. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (90):4.

Trauth, Stanley E. 1992. A new subspecies of Six-lined Racerunner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Sauria: Teiidae), from southern Texas. Texas Journal of Science 44(4):437-443.

Wright, J. W. and Laurie J. Vitt. 1993. Biology of Whiptail Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus). Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, Oklahoma..

Collins, Joseph T. and Suzanne L. Collins. 1993. Amphibians and Reptiles in Kansas. Third Edition. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Lawrence. 397 pp.

Collins, Joseph T. and Rundquist, Eric M. 1993. Results of the fifth Kansas herp count held during April-June 1993 . Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (94):7-11.

Viets, Brian E. 1993. An annotated list of the herpetofauna of the F. B., and Rena G. Ross Natural History Reservation. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 96(1/2):103-113.

Rundquist, Eric M. 1994. Results of the sixth annual KHS herp counts held 1 April-31 May 1994. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (97):5-14.

Riedle, J. Daren. 1994. A survey of reptiles and amphibians at Montgomery County State Fishing Lake. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (98):11-13.

Holman, J. Alan. 1995. Pleistocene Amphibians and Reptiles. Oxford University Press, New York. 243 pp.

Anderson, Lewis, Mark Shaw, Jeff Blodig, and Tom Walker. 1995. Report to the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks: Herps encountered during REmap project, summer 1994. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (99):10-17.

Rundquist, Eric M. 1995. Results of the seventh annual KHS herp counts held 1 April-31 May 1995. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (101):11-17.

Rundquist, Eric M. 1995. Additional KHS herp counts for 1995. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (102):11-.

Miller, Larry L. 1996. Results of the KHS 1995 fall field trip. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (103):3.

Rundquist, Eric M. 1996. Results of the eighth annual KHS herp counts Held 1 April-31 May 1996. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (104):6-17.

Trauth, Stanley E. and Chris T. McAllister. 1996. Cnemidophorus sexlineatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (628):1-12.

Rakestraw, J. 1996. Spring herp counts: A Kansas tradition. Reptile & Amphibian Magazine (March-April):75-80.

Rundquist, Eric M. 1997. Results of the ninth annual KHS herp counts held 1 April-31 May 1997. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (108):12-17.

Rundquist, Eric M. 1997. Addendum to 1997 KHS herp counts. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (109):14-15.

Minton, Sherman A., Jr., and D. Brown. 1997. Distribution and variation of the lizard Cnemidophorus sexlineatus in Indiana. Bulletin of Chicago Herpetological Society 32:102-104.

Conant, Roger and Joseph T. Collins. 1998. Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. 3rd ed, expanded. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts.

Powell, Robert, Joseph T Collins, and Errol D Hooper Jr. 1998. A Key to Amphibians & Reptiles of the Continental United States and Canada. Univ Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 131 pp.

Gamble, Jerre. 1998. Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Hartford, Kansas. 91 pp.

Rundquist, Eric M. 1998. Results of the tenth annual KHS herp counts for 1998, held 1 April-31 May. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (112):11-18.

Rundquist, Eric M. 1998. KDWP herp sting so far nets nine on Kansas and Federal charges. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (112):5-6.

Collins, Joseph T. 1998. Results of the KHS silver anniversary fall field trip. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (114):6-.

Rundquist, Eric M. 1999. Kansas Herpetological Society herp counts: A 10 year summary and evaluation. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (115):42962.

Doren, Van, Mark D., and Curtis J. Schmidt. 2000. A herpetological survey of the Fort Larned National Historic Site, Pawnee County, Kansas. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (120):8-11.

Taggart, Travis W. 2000. Biogeographic analysis of the reptiles (Squamata) in Ellis County, Kansas. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (121):7-16.

Rundquist, Eric M. 2000. Results of the eleventh and twelfth annual KHS herpetofaunal counts for 1999-2000, held 1 April-31 May. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (122):11-16.

Taggart, Travis W. 2001. The KHS 2001 spring field trip: A rainy rendezvous. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (124):12-14.

Schmidt, Curtis J. 2001. The amphibians, turtles, and reptiles of the Smoky Valley Ranch, Logan County, Kansas. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (124):9-11.

Taggart, Travis W. 2001. Results of the KHS spring field trip west. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (125):10.

Rundquist, Eric M. 2001. Results of the thirteenth annual KHS herp counts for 2001, held 1 April-30 June. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter (125):13-16.

Kingsbury, Bruce and Joanna Gibson. 2002. Habitat Management Guidelines for Amphibians and Reptiles of the Midwest. Publication of Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, Address not given. 152 pp.

Fogell, Daniel D. 2002. Occurrence and relative abundance of amphibians and reptiles at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Homestead National Monument of America, and Pipestone National Monument within the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network. Interim Report. National Park Service, Washington, D.C.. 6 pp.

Riedle, J. Daren and A. Hynek. 2002. Amphibian and reptile inventory of the Kansas Army Ammunition Plant, Labette County, Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (2):18-20.

Ellis, Mark R. 2002. Fall 2002 KHS field trip to Washington County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (2):4-5.

Taggart, Travis W. 2002. Results of the spring 2002 KHS field trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (3):6-7.

Miller, Larry L. 2002. Sumner County herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (4):15.

Rundquist, Eric M. 2002. Natural history of the Night Snake, Hypsiglena torquata, in Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (4):16-20.

Reeder, Tod W., Charles J. Cole, and Herbert C. Dessauer. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of Whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): A test of monophyly, reevaluation of karyotypic evolution, and review of hybrid origins. American Museum Novitates (3365):1-61.

Suleiman, G. 2003. Fort Riley herpetofaunal count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (5):11-12.

Taggart, Travis W. 2003. KHS conducts first systematic road survey. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (6):11-12.

Platt, Dwight R. 2003. Lizards and snakes (Order Squamata) of Harvey County, Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (6):13-20.

Taggart, Travis W. 2003. Results of the 2003 KHS spring field trip to Wilson County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (6):2-5.

Miller, Larry L. 2003. Sumner County herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (7):10.

Volkmann, Al. 2003. Cowley County herp count 1. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (7):7.

Taggart, Travis W. 2003. Logan County herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (7):8.

Suleiman, Gibran. 2003. Fort Riley herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (7):9.

Schmidt, Curtis J. 2004. Natural history and status of the exploited Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) in western Kansas and a herpetofaunal inventory of the Smoky Valley Ranch, Logan County, Kansas. Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 170 pp.

Delisle, Jennifer M. and William H. Busby. 2004. Biological inventory for vertebrates at Fort Larned National Historic Site of the southern plains network. Natural Heritage Inventory, Kansas Biological Survey, Lawrence. 61 pp.

Taggart, Travis W. 2004. Kansas Herpetological Society 2004 spring field trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (9):2.

Taggart, Travis W. 2004. Results of the 2004 KHS spring field trip to Logan County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (10):2-7.

Volkmann, Al. 2004. Cowley County herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (11):10.

Miller, Larry L. 2004. Sumner County herp count. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (11):11-12.

Taggart, Travis W. 2004. Results of the KHS 2004 fall feld trip . Journal of Kansas Herpetology (12):15-16.

Taggart, Travis W. 2005. Results of the KHS 2005 fall field trip [to Crawford County]. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (16):19-21.

Taggart, Travis W. 2006. Addendum report to biological inventory of the sandsage prairie near Holcomb, Kansas. Sunflower Electric Cooperative, Hays, Kansas. 31 pp.

Taggart, Travis W. 2006. Distribution and status of Kansas herpetofauna in need of information. State Wildlife Grant T7. Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Pratt. vii + 106 pp.

Wilgers, Dustin J., Eva A. Horne, Brett K. Sandercock, and Allan W. Volkmann. 2006. Effects of rangeland management on community dynamics of the herpetofauna of the tallgrass prairie. 62:378-388.

Taggart, Travis W., Joseph T. Collins, and Curtis J. Schmidt. 2007. Estimates of amphibian, reptile, and turtle mortality if Phostoxin is applied to 10,000 acres of prairie dog burrows in Logan County, Kansas. Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Pratt. 5 pp.

Taggart, Travis W. 2007. A biological inventory of the Sunflower Electric Site near Holcomb, Kansas. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 23:11-16.

Taggart, Travis W. 2008. KHS 2008 spring field trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (25):2-3.

Collins, Joseph T., Suzanne L. Collins, and Travis W. Taggart. 2010. Amphibians, Reptiles, and Turtles of Kansas. Eagle Mountain Publishing., Provo, Utah. 400 pp.

Murrow, Daniel G. 2010. Kansas Herpetological Society spring field trip. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (33):2-3.

Collins, Joseph T., Suzanne L. Collins, and Travis W. Taggart. 2011. Amphibians, Reptiles, and Turtles of the Cimarron National Grassland, Kansas. Second (Revised) Edition. U. S. Forest Service.

Taggart, Travis W. 2011. Kansas Herpetological Society 2011 spring field trip to be held in Chautauqua County. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (37):5-7.

Taggart, Travis W. 2011. Results of the Kansas Herpetological Society 2011 Summer Field Trip to Scott State Park. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (39):2.

Rohweder, Megan R. 2012. Spatial conservation prioritization of Kansas for terrestrial vertebrates. Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 151 pp.

Powell, Robert, Joseph T Collins, and Errol D Hooper Jr. 2012. Key to the Herpetofauna of the Continental United States and Canada: Second Edition, Revised and Updated. Univ Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 152 pp.

Hamilton, Bryan Tyler, Rachel Hart, and Jack W. Sites Jr. 2012. Feeding ecology of the Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum, Colubridae) in the western United States. Journal of Herpetology 46(4):515-522.

Miller, Larry L. 2013. Wellington Lake Herpetological Survey. Collinsorum 2(1/2):12.

Baldwin, Mary Kate. 2013. “Herps in Havensville” Herp Surveys. Collinsorum 2(3/4):10.

Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2012 Spring Field Trip to Bourbon County State Lake. Collinsorum 2(3/4):3.

Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2012 Summer Field Trip to Meade County State Park. Collinsorum 2(3/4):3.

Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2013 Spring Field Trip to Schermerhorn Park, Cherokee County. Collinsorum 2(3/4):4.

Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2013 Summer Field Trip to Coldwater Lake, Comanche County. Collinsorum 2(3/4):5.

Taggart, Travis W. 2013. KHS 2013 Fall Field Trip to Butler County State Lake. Collinsorum 2(3/4):6.

Mardis, Dexter and Kevin Scott. 2013. 2013 Kansas Herpetofaunal Counts. Collinsorum 2(3/4):7.

Taggart, Travis W. 2014. Results of the 2014 KHS Spring Field Trip to Barber County. Collinsorum 3(2-4):11.

Taggart, Travis W. 2014. Results of the 2014 KHS Fall Field Trip to Woodson County. Collinsorum 3(2-4):12.

Taggart, Travis W. 2014. Results of the 2014 KHS summer field trip to Morton County and adjacent Colorado, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. Collinsorum 3(2-4):12.

Goldberg, Stephen R. 2014. Reproduction of Six-lined Racerunners, Aspidoscelis sexlineata (Squamata: Teiidae), from New Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 49(1):8-10.

Brown, Kasandra A. 2015. Occupancy Modeling Of Herpetofauna And Grassland Nesting Birds At Quivira National Wildlife Refuge. Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 72 pp.

Houck, Mike. 2015. 2015 Fort Riley Herpetofaunal Count final report. Collinsorum 4(1):10-11.

Taggart, Travis W. 2015. Spring Field Trip to the Greenhorn Limestone of Russell County. Collinsorum 4(3):2.

Taggart, Travis W. 2015. Summer Field Trip In The Harvey County Sandhills. Collinsorum 4(3):3.

Taggart, Travis W. 2015. Fall Field Trip Held In Washington County. Collinsorum 4(3):4.

Pittman, Galen L., Henry S. Fitch, and W. Dean Kettle. 2016. Vertebrate animals on the Fitch Natural History Reservation (1948-2002). Kansas Biological Survey Report Number 188, Lawrence. 48 pp.

Powell, Robert, Roger Conant, and Joseph T. Collins. 2016. Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. 494 pp.

Taggart, Travis W. 2016. Spring 2016 KHS field trip to Clark County was a soggy success. Collinsorum 5(2-3):2-3.

Taggart, Travis W. 2016. Results of the KHS Summer field trip to Caney River, Chautauqua County, Kansas. Collinsorum 5(2-3):4-5.

Taggart, Travis W. 2016. Results of the KHS ‘Fall’ field trip to Barber County. Collinsorum 5(2-3):6-7.

Tucker, Derek B., Guarino R. Colli, L. G. Giugliano, S. Blair. Hedges, C. R. Hendry, Emily M. Lemmon, Alan R. Lemmon, Jack W. Sites, Jr., and R. Alex Pyron. 2016. Methodological congruence in phylogenomic analyses with morphological support for teiid lizards (Sauria: Teiidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 103:75–84.

Taggart, Travis W. and J. Daren Riedle. 2017. A Pocket Guide to Kansas Amphibians, Turtles and Lizards. Great Plains Nature Center, Wichita, Kansas. 69 pp.

Crother, Brian I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Eighth edition. Herpetological Circulars (43):1-102.

Mardis, Dexter R. 2017. Results from three Herpetofaunal tallies at Wichita State University’s Youngmeyer Ranch in Northwestern Elk County. Collinsorum 6(1):8-10.

Taggart, Travis W. 2017. Results of the 2017 KHS Spring Field Trip to Elk County, Kansas. Collinsorum 6(2-3):6-8.

Schmidt, Curtis J. 2017. Herp Count: Southeast Ellis County. Collinsorum 6(2-3):9.

Houck, Mike. 2018. Herp Count: Fort Riley Military Installation. Collinsorum 7(1):17.

Powell, Robert, Joseph T Collins, and Errol D Hooper Jr. 2019. Key to the Herpetofauna of the Continental United States and Canada. Third Edition. Univ Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 192 pp.

Daniel, Richard E. and Brian S. Edmond. 2020. Atlas of Missouri Amphibians and Reptiles for 2019. Privately printed, Columbia, Missouri. 86 pp.

Scarpetta, Simon G. 2020. Unusual lizard fossil from the Miocene of Nebraska and a minimum age for Cnemidophorine Teiids. Royal Society Open Science 7(8):12.

Riedle, J. Daren. 2020. Revisiting Kansas Herpetological Society field trip and Herp Count data: Distributional patterns and trend data of Kansas amphibians and reptiles. Collinsorum 9(1):7-16.

Livo, Lauren J., Todd L. Wilcox, and Daniel J. Martin. 2020. Natural history notes: Aspidoscelis sexlineatus viridis: Hatchling phenology. Herpetological Review 51(2):327.

Hullinger, Allison, Zackary Cordes, Daren Riedle, and William Stark. 2020. Habitat assessment of the Broad-headed Skink (Plestiodon laticeps) and the associated squamate community in eastern Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 123(1-2):137-150.

Taggart, Travis W and Sarah L Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Neosho County: KHS-2020-01. Collinsorum 9(3):11.

Taggart, Travis W and Sarah L Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Cherokee County: KHS-2020-02. Collinsorum 9(3):11-12.

Riedle, J. Daren. 2021. Herp Count: Pratt County: KHS-2020-07. Collinsorum 9(3):12.

Schmidt, Curtis J and Avery Schmidt. 2021. Herp Count: KHS-2020-4. Collinsorum 9(3):12.

Mardis, Dexter R. 2021. Herp Count: Sumner County: KHS-2020-08. Collinsorum 9(3):12-13.

Taggart, Travis W and Sarah L Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Hodgeman County: KHS-2020-09. Collinsorum 9(3):13.

Taggart, Travis W and Sarah L Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Seward County: KHS-2020-13. Collinsorum 9(3):13.

Taggart, Travis W and Sarah L Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Stanton County: KHS-2020-10. Collinsorum 9(3):13.

Taggart, Travis W and Sarah L Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Comanche County: KHS-2020-15. Collinsorum 9(3):13-14.

Schmidt, Curtis J. 2021. Herp Count: Russell County: KHS-2020-16. Collinsorum 9(3):14.

Schmidt, Curtis J. 2021. Herp Count: Russell County: KHS-2020-19. Collinsorum 9(3):14.

Taggart, Travis W. 2021. Herp Count: Russell County: KHS-2020-24. Collinsorum 9(3):14-15.

Taggart, Megan M. and Travis W. Taggart. 2021. Herp Count: Seward County: KHS-2020-27. Collinsorum 9(3):15.

Taggart, Travis W., Dan Fogell, and Christopher Visser. 2021. Herp Count: Russell County: KHS-2020-25. Collinsorum 9(3):15.

Schmidt, Curtis J. 2021. Herp Count: Ellis County: KHS-2020-32. Collinsorum 9(3):16.

Walker, J. Martin, Brian K. Sullivan, and James E. Cordes. 2021. Sanctioned nomenclature for triploid parthenogenetic Colorado Checkered Whiptail and for other taxa of the lizard genus Aspidoscelis (Family Teiidae). Herpetological Review 52(3):550–558.

Russell, Elisabeth. 2023. Habitat associations and fine-scale movements of the Red-spotted Toad (Anaxyrus punctatus) in Kansas and the efficacy of remote telemetry for monitoring small-scale movements. Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 81 pp.

Wright, Jake. 2024. Herpetofaunal assemblage at a former rock quarry in the Flint Hills of Kansas. Collinsorum 13(1):8-9.

Last Updated: 08/03/2023 8:12:59 AM CT

THE CENTER FOR NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOLOGY — Accessed: Tuesday 09 June 2026 13:17 CT